Annatto

Bixa orellana

Tropical American small tree with pink flowers and spiny red seed capsules. The orange seed coating (bixin and norbixin) is the principal natural orange food and textile colourant — the colour of cheddar cheese, Spanish chorizo, and bottled fruit-flavour drinks.

Hardiness ratings

Annatto hardiness across the four zone systems
SystemRatingTemperature rangeHow to read it
USDA hardiness zone Zone 10–12 −1.1 °C to 15.6 °C Plant tolerates down to this zone
RHS hardiness rating H1c 5 °C to 10 °C Plant needs at least this level of cold tolerance
Canadian plant hardiness zone Zone 9 −1 °C and warmer Plant tolerates down to this zone
Australian (ANBG) zone Zone 5–7 5 °C and warmer Plant tolerates down to this zone

Growing notes

  • Orange dye (bixin) extracted from the waxy red coating on the seeds — used both as a textile and as a food colourant
  • Source of the orange colour of commercial cheddar, Red Leicester, Spanish chorizo, and many "natural orange" food products
  • Used as a body paint and lipstick precursor by Amazonian peoples — the genus name Bixa derives from the Tupi name
  • Frost-tender — strictly warm-climate cultivation
  • Not reliably hardy outdoors in Canada — Canadian zone values shown represent the system maximum and do not imply garden cultivation north of the warmest coastal pockets.

Categories

Related plants

Cross-check Annatto against your zones

Reference

Annatto on Wikipedia