Common box

Buxus sempervirens

Slow-growing evergreen native shrub with small dark glossy leaves, exceptional density, and unmatched fineness of clipping detail. The classic European formal-garden topiary, parterre, and low-hedge species.

Hardiness ratings

Common box hardiness across the four zone systems
SystemRatingTemperature rangeHow to read it
USDA hardiness zone Zone 5–8 −28.9 °C to −6.7 °C Plant tolerates down to this zone
RHS hardiness rating H6 −20 °C to −15 °C Plant needs at least this level of cold tolerance
Canadian plant hardiness zone Zone 6–8 −18 °C to −1 °C Plant tolerates down to this zone
Australian (ANBG) zone Zone 2–5 −10 °C to 10 °C Plant tolerates down to this zone

About Common box

Box is one of the classic hedging and topiary plants of European gardens, valued because its dense, small-leaved, slow growth takes clipping into precise shapes and holds them. The wood is exceptionally dense — dense enough to sink in water — and was historically used for engraving blocks, rulers and instrument parts. Its garden use has been substantially reduced in recent decades by box blight and, in some regions, box tree caterpillar, which is why alternatives such as small-leaved evergreen shrubs of other genera are now so often recommended in its place.

Growing notes

  • Slow-growing and exceptionally dense — the only realistic species for fine-detail topiary, knot-garden parterres, and tightly clipped low hedges
  • Cuttings and trimmings have provided premium pale fine-grained turning wood (the original wood of boxwood combs, ruler scales, and woodwind instrument flutes) for centuries — hence the name
  • WARNING: Box blight (Cylindrocladium buxicola / Volutella) and box tree caterpillar (Cydalima perspectalis) are currently devastating box hedges across Europe — manage proactively, consider resistant alternatives (Ilex crenata, Pittosporum tobira) in heavily affected regions
  • Shade tolerant — succeeds under tree canopy where most evergreens fail

Pet caution: Common box is listed as potentially harmful to cats and/or dogs. Keep pets from grazing on it, and contact a vet if you suspect your animal has eaten some.

Categories

Related plants

Cross-check Common box against your zones

Reference

Common box on Wikipedia