Pohutukawa (NZ Christmas tree)

Metrosideros excelsa

Iconic New Zealand coastal tree with leathery dark green leaves, silver undersides, and brilliant crimson brush-like flowers at midsummer.

Hardiness ratings

Pohutukawa (NZ Christmas tree) hardiness across the four zone systems
SystemRatingTemperature rangeHow to read it
USDA hardiness zone Zone 9–11 −6.7 °C to 10 °C Plant tolerates down to this zone
RHS hardiness rating H3 −5 °C to 1 °C Plant needs at least this level of cold tolerance
Canadian plant hardiness zone Zone 9 −1 °C and warmer Plant tolerates down to this zone
Australian (ANBG) zone Zone 4–7 0 °C and warmer Plant tolerates down to this zone

About Pohutukawa (NZ Christmas tree)

The pohutukawa flowers in December, which in the southern hemisphere is midsummer, and that timing gave it the name New Zealand Christmas tree. What appears as a mass of crimson is made of stamens rather than petals. It grows on coastal cliffs and headlands, tolerating salt, wind and remarkably little soil, and sends down aerial roots that thicken into additional trunks. A single ancient pohutukawa at Cape Reinga holds particular significance in Māori tradition as the point from which spirits depart. Possum browsing has caused serious damage to wild populations.

Growing notes

  • Major nectar source for native New Zealand birds including tūī and bellbird
  • Brilliant crimson flowers around Christmas (midsummer in the Southern Hemisphere) make this an unmistakable seasonal marker in coastal New Zealand
  • Salt tolerant and wind tolerant — one of the great coastal trees
  • Slow growing but very long lived
  • Not reliably hardy outdoors in Canada — Canadian zone values shown represent the system maximum and do not imply garden cultivation north of the warmest coastal pockets.

Categories

Related plants

Cross-check Pohutukawa (NZ Christmas tree) against your zones

Reference

Pohutukawa (NZ Christmas tree) on Wikipedia