Stinging nettle

Urtica dioica

Fierce-looking perennial with stinging hairs that hide one of the most nutritious wild greens. Young shoots cook into a spinach-like vegetable; mature plant is anti-inflammatory.

Hardiness ratings

Stinging nettle hardiness across the four zone systems
SystemRatingTemperature rangeHow to read it
USDA hardiness zone Zone 2–9 −45.6 °C to −1.1 °C Plant tolerates down to this zone
RHS hardiness rating H7 down to −20 °C Plant needs at least this level of cold tolerance
Canadian plant hardiness zone Zone 2–9 −40 °C and warmer Plant tolerates down to this zone
Australian (ANBG) zone Zone 1–5 −15 °C to 10 °C Plant tolerates down to this zone

About Stinging nettle

The nettle sting comes from hollow, brittle hairs that break on contact and inject a mixture of irritant compounds. Cooking or thorough drying destroys the mechanism completely, which is why nettles have a long history as a cooked green and a tea. The plant is also a fibre crop with a history reaching back millennia, producing a linen-like cloth, and it is a key larval food plant for several butterflies, which is why patches are often deliberately left in wildlife gardens. It spreads by tough yellow rhizomes and strongly favours ground that is rich in phosphates and nitrogen — a good indicator of past human activity.

Growing notes

  • Wear gloves to harvest — formic acid in the trichomes causes the sting
  • Sting deactivates immediately on cooking, drying, or wilting
  • Critical host plant for red admiral, peacock, comma, and small tortoiseshell butterfly larvae
  • Always consult a qualified medical or herbal practitioner before using any plant medicinally

Categories

Related plants

Cross-check Stinging nettle against your zones

Reference

Stinging nettle on Wikipedia