Flax (Linen flax)

Linum usitatissimum

Slender annual with sky-blue flowers grown for linen fibre extracted from the stem and for linseed (flax) oil pressed from the seed. The single oldest cultivated fibre crop, in use for at least 30,000 years.

Hardiness ratings

Flax (Linen flax) hardiness across the four zone systems
SystemRatingTemperature rangeHow to read it
USDA hardiness zone Zone 4–9 −34.4 °C to −1.1 °C Zones where it can be grown as an annual — not a frost-tolerance rating
RHS hardiness rating H6 −20 °C to −15 °C Plant needs at least this level of cold tolerance
Canadian plant hardiness zone Zone 4–8 −29 °C to −1 °C Zones where it can be grown as an annual — not a frost-tolerance rating
Australian (ANBG) zone Zone 1–5 −15 °C to 10 °C Zones where it can be grown as an annual — not a frost-tolerance rating

As a tender annual, Flax (Linen flax) doesn't overwinter — the zone range shows where the growing season supports it. See the RHS rating for its actual cold tolerance.

Growing notes

  • Bast fibre extracted from the inner stem by retting (controlled rotting) then scutching and hackling — the basis of linen cloth
  • Fibre and oilseed cultivars are genetically distinct — fibre types are taller and unbranched, oilseed types branch heavily, do not expect a good linen crop from oilseed flax
  • Sow in cool early spring — flax does not tolerate hot dry conditions during fibre development
  • Self-seeds modestly where conditions suit

Categories

Related plants

Cross-check Flax (Linen flax) against your zones

Reference

Flax (Linen flax) on Wikipedia